(1) The surface should be uniform in gloss, without obvious flashes and obvious mold clamping lines, with slight shrinkage and depression allowed, slight scratches and slight scratches, and uneven edges; no cracks, scars, and obvious bonding line.
(2) There should be no obvious injection molding defects such as warping deformation, dents, silver streaks, flow marks, under-injection, and injection port.
(3) No obvious color difference is allowed.
(4) Black dots with penetrating impurities and more than 0.5mm dispersion are not allowed.
(5) Except for the bottom and mouth, air bubbles are not allowed in other parts.
2. Drop performance should not break.
3. Acid and alkali resistance (detergent), the box body and the lid should not have obvious discoloration or damage.
4. Pollution resistance, the box body and the lid should be free from obvious pollution.
5. Temperature resistance, no obvious leakage or deformation of the box body and the lid.
6. Hermeticity should not leak.
7. The vacuum degree of the vacuum preservation box should not be greater than -4kPa.
On June 18 local time, WHO chief scientist Sumiya Swaminathan said that at least 200 COVID-19 vaccines are under development and about 10 have entered human trials. Three of them will soon enter phase III clinical trials, including one from China.
Sumiya Swaminathan notes that China has several vaccine candidates, and the results of phase I and II clinical trials show promise.
Sumiya Swaminathan also says one or two successful vaccine candidates could be available by the end of the year. The goal is to have 2 billion doses of vaccine produced by 2021. Fortunately, novel Coronavirus appears to have far fewer mutations than influenza viruses, and the mutations that lead to such critical parts as disease severity and immune response have not yet been shown.
A. Classification according to the materials of spectacle frames: plastic frames, metal frames and mixing frames.
B. Classification according to lens materials: glass lenses, resin lenses, plastic lenses.
C. Classification according to the style of glasses: full frame, half frame, no frame, combination frame and folding frame.
D. Classification according to the use of glasses: myopia glasses, flat glasses, sunglasses, diving glasses and reading glasses.
Check your glasses
1. Frame size (emphasis)
2. Check whether the parts of the glasses are missing. (frame, pile head, mirror foot, foot cover, hinge, lock block, screw, nose rest)
3. Check whether the screws are too tight or too loose. (at the bridge cover/foot/frame)
4. Check if the earhooks are too tight or too loose.
5. Check the frames and frames for scratches, cracks and stains.
6. Check the assembly of glasses for errors.
7. Check whether the lens is firm.
8. Check whether the LOGO printing is clear and there is no double image.
9. Check the lens for scratches, damages, stains and cracks.
10, check the frame material, there is no defect, whether easy to break.
11. Check whether the surface is painted evenly and the color is bright.
12. Check whether the bridge sleeve has any unrepaired corners.
13. Check whether the hooks on both sides are symmetrical and smooth. (it is better to choose a flat and clean place, open the glasses and place them horizontally to check whether the height of the hooks on both sides is the same and whether the structure is symmetrical.)
The United States has the world’s second largest manufacturing industry. In 2016, the added value of the manufacturing industry was close to US $ 2 trillion, accounting for about 16% of global manufacturing value added and 12% of US gross domestic product. The United States is the eighth complex economy in the world. However, in the past 20 years, the competitiveness of American-made products has declined and its attractiveness as a manufacturing destination has faced severe challenges. The United States has an advantageous position in shaping the future competition of the manufacturing industry, and has achieved the highest weighted score for manufacturing drivers. It ranks among the top five in terms of driving factors other than sustainable resources and the institutional framework.
The United States is also world-renowned for its innovation capabilities and has a place in the forefront of major developments in emerging technologies in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In addition, outstanding higher education institutions support the development, attraction, and retention of advanced human resources in the United States. It is worth noting that the United States is currently working to revive manufacturing. In the tax reform at the end of 2017, the United States reduced the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, which increased the willingness of enterprises to transfer some production to the United States.
However, policy and regulatory uncertainties related to immigration and free trade agreements remain. As one of the world’s largest carbon emitters, the United States needs to prioritize energy efficiency and sustainability issues.
Japan
At present, Japan has the third largest manufacturing industry in the world. The total value added of manufacturing industry in 2016 exceeded US $ 1 trillion, accounting for nearly 9% of the global manufacturing value added. China, the United States and Japan together account for nearly half of the global manufacturing added value.
Japan has been the most complex economy in the world since 1984. In terms of manufacturing drivers, Japan is particularly prominent in the demand environment, with a mature consumer base, strong corporate activity, and a huge market size. Japan ranks in the top 20 in terms of technological innovation and institutional framework. In 2016, the Japanese government launched the “Social 5.0” strategy, which aims to promote the transformation of manufacturing through emerging technologies, and even achieve social change.
In addition, the Japanese government also proposed a “Connected Industries” plan in 2017 to support industries such as Japanese manufacturing to create new value through the connection of resources, people, technology, organizations, and other social elements.
The challenges facing Japan are mainly related to human capital, including aging populations, shrinking populations, and lower numbers of immigrants than comparable countries. In addition, Japan has room for improvement in terms of sustainable resource drivers.
Germany
Germany has the fourth largest manufacturing industry in the world. In 2016, the total value added of the manufacturing industry reached US $ 775 billion, and its economic complexity ranked third in the world. Germany has a world-renowned tradition of high-quality manufacturing, and more than half of its manufacturing output is exported overseas. Germany ranks first among comprehensive manufacturing drivers and top ten in technology and innovation, human capital, global trade and investment, and demand environment drivers. German educational achievements are outstanding, technical training programs are leading, the quality of the workforce is high, and the ability to innovate is strong.
With the launch of the “Industry 4.0” plan in 2011, Germany is committed to the digitization and interconnection of products, value chains and business models, and vigorously promotes the development of digital manufacturing, becoming one of the leading countries in this field. Globally recognized as one of the pioneers of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, Germany has played a leading role in setting new global industrial standards and regulations.
India
India is the fifth largest manufacturing country in the world. In 2016, the total value added of manufacturing reached US $ 420 billion, ranking 45th in economic complexity. Over the past 30 years, Indian manufacturing has grown at an average annual rate of more than 7%, with average output value accounting for 16% to 20% of GDP. India is the second most populous country in the world and one of the fastest growing economies in the world. The market demand for Indian industrial products is on the rise.
In addition to the top five demand environments, India has plenty of room for improvement in other manufacturing drivers. Human capital and sustainable resources are two key challenges facing India. India’s labor force is relatively young and growing rapidly, but the quality of the labor force needs to be further improved. India should pay attention to measures such as upgrading education courses, improving vocational training programs, and enhancing the digital skills of the workforce.
In addition, as manufacturing continues to expand, India also needs to continue to expand access to energy and reduce emissions. In 2014, the Indian government launched the “Made in India” program, with the main goal of making India a global manufacturing center.
Korea
Over the past few decades, South Korea has experienced significant economic growth, from a backward agricultural society in the 1960s to a manufacturing powerhouse today. South Korea currently has the sixth largest manufacturing industry in the world. In 2016, the total value added of the manufacturing industry exceeded US $ 380 billion, and its economic complexity ranked fourth globally. In addition to its poor performance in sustainable resources, South Korea has generally performed well on other manufacturing drivers.
South Korea is particularly strong in terms of technology and innovation, ranking among the top five in terms of R & D expenditure and patent applications per million people. The outstanding innovation ability has contributed to the historic rise of South Korea and will also help South Korea lead the development of the next generation of production models. In order to strengthen its preparations for shaping the future of manufacturing, South Korea needs to continue to improve its workforce, especially in developing critical thinking skills, digital skills, and advocating knowledge-intensive employment.
In addition, building a sound, transparent, and credible organization can help guide South Korea’s vision for the future of manufacturing and build the trust needed for global connectivity.
In 2012, the last factory of adidas in mainland China was closed in suzhou.
In 2009, Nike Vietnam OEM completed the full capacity of China.
Today, Nike and adidas produce 50% in Vietnam and 20% in China.
In April 2018, uniqlo announced a shift of capacity from China to southeast Asia, with Vietnam responsible for 40 percent of total production.
Benefiting from the shift in the industry chain, Vietnam’s footwear exports reached $18 billion in 2017, making it the world’s second-largest footwear exporter after China.
Not only foreign brands, attracted by cheap labor, many shoe and cap apparel companies originally rooted in China’s guangdong and fujian provinces set off a wave of factory relocation to Vietnam.
Nanxuan, a Chinese apparel company that makes sweaters and other knitwear, will expand production in Vietnam. Nanxuan, based in huizhou, guangdong province, built a factory and started production outside ho chi minh city in 2015.
Bosideng, a Chinese manufacturer and seller of down jackets, is also expanding production in southeast Asia.
With the help of its capital partnership with itochu of Japan, bosiden has begun pilot production at a Vietnamese textile plant linked to itochu, with plans to expand further depending on production trends.
The reason for the transfer is not complicated, because labor costs to Vietnam can be nearly 60 percent cheaper.
It is not just China’s low-end industries that Vietnam is taking on.
In May 2018, samsung and Olympus closed their factories in shenzhen and moved to Vietnam.
Some media outlets even thought that the Japanese and Korean electronics industries were losing out in China, lamenting that they “saw the building collapse”, but did not know that samsung had invested $15 billion to build an unprecedented manufacturing base in the Saigon high-tech park.
Shut down factories in China as soon as the production lines are up and the staff are trained.
Microsoft moved nokia’s Beijing plant to Hanoi.
Intel is spending more than $1 billion on a high-tech park in Saigon, where it plans to deploy 80% of its global chip production.
Vietnam is trying to become a new manufacturing hub for the global electronics industry.
In 2017, Vietnam exported $45 billion worth of mobile phones, and a tenth of the world’s smartphones were made in the southeast Asian country.
And mobile phones have become the number one product made in Vietnam.
We often feel that we are the world’s no.1 in the whole industry chain, and the skilled workers are endowed with unique advantages. However, we forget that this is only a matter of a decade or more, and it is no worse than a decade for others. In addition, the population and industrial structure of southeast Asia have undergone great changes.
Of course, Vietnam is not without its shortcomings. Its industrial structure and population quality still lag behind that of China. However, with the deepening of trade frictions and the passage of time, the future is uncertain.
Vietnam alone accounts for nearly 10% of China’s exports, enough for the whole of southeast Asia plus India.
Myanmar’s economy has developed rapidly in recent years, with GDP growth rate remaining at around 7%. Driven by investment represented by infrastructure, domestic demand has become the main driving force for Myanmar’s economic growth, and rapid export growth has also been another boost to Myanmar’s economic growth. The ongoing reform of business legislation is helping to optimize the domestic investment environment. Foreign investment in Myanmar’s manufacturing industry still maintains a strong momentum. The economic growth prospects are promising. It is expected that the economic growth rate will be around 7.2% in the next few years.
In order to attract foreign investment, Myanmar has developed a Myanmar investment plan with the help of the Japan International Cooperation Agency. In the next 20 years, the amount of investment into Myanmar is expected to reach 200 billion US dollars.
In the 2018-2019 fiscal year, foreign investment reached 4.2 billion U.S. dollars. However, the Rakhine State terrorist attack, some Western investment companies misunderstood Myanmar, so investor confidence was hit to a certain extent, and investment projects were delayed. If foreign companies apply for offshore oil blocks and mining exploration projects, the amount of foreign investment into Myanmar is expected to be a record.
Data show that from 1988 to the end of September 2019, a total of 50 countries and regions have invested in 12 economic sectors in Myanmar, with a total of 1,837 projects invested. The largest investments in Myanmar were made in Singapore and Thailand. The largest investment was in the oil and gas sector, with 27.38% of the investment; 25.87% in the power sector; and 14.08% in the industrial production sector.
After the NLD government came to power, it emphasized economically to attract foreign investment and allowed a wide range of foreign investment. Myanmar’s foreign investment is subject to national treatment. According to Myanmar’s new Investment Law, domestic investors and foreign investors enjoy equal treatment.
In addition to prohibited investment projects that endanger Myanmar’s national interests, foreign investors can participate in multi-sector investments. Myanmar encourages foreign investment to adopt BOT and PPP investment methods and actively invest in green environmental protection, high-tech, professional and international industries.
In addition, investors can lease private land or buildings for investment projects for a long period of time. The lease period is 50 years, which can be extended 2 more times for 10 years each time.
Myanmar is rich in natural resources. The main mineral deposits that have been proved are copper, lead, zinc, silver, gold, iron, nickel, ruby, sapphire, jade, etc., and some minerals are mined in large areas. Myanmar contains relatively rich oil and natural gas resources. Natural gas is one of the main products of Myanmar to earn foreign exchange. Myanmar has a forest coverage rate of 52% and rich forestry resources; the rivers are densely packed in the country, and the potential of available water resources is huge. In addition, Myanmar has low labor costs, and the United States and Europe provide GSP treatment to Myanmar, which has obvious advantages in labor-intensive industries.
Myanmar’s economic potential is huge. Relevant research institutions are generally positive on Myanmar’s medium-term outlook for reform, and it is expected that future economic growth will remain relatively strong. Myanmar’s domestic market has great potential and is an important channel connecting the two major markets of Southeast Asia and South Asia. It can extend the market to a certain extent.
Stainless steel cutlery, a very broad definition, it includes a wide range of products. Our inspection usually needs to pay attention to this kind of products have the following points in common:
1. There should be no serious wire drawing marks, pitting and uneven polishing caused by the light difference.
2. Except the cutting edge, the edge of various products should be no quick mouth, stabbing phenomenon.
3. The surface is smooth, without obvious wire drawing marks, no dented bore, no quick mouth on the edge and prickle.
4. The welding part is firm, without cracks, coke or spines.
5. On the outer packing, there should be the manufacturer’s name, address, trademark, specification, product name and article number
2. Special inspection: thickness tolerance, weldability, corrosion resistance, polishing performance (BQ) (pitting) is also not allowed in the spoon, spoon, fork, production, because it is difficult to throw off the polishing. (scratches, creases, pollution, etc.) these defects are not allowed to appear high or low grade.
3. Thickness tolerance:
Generally speaking, different stainless steel products, the requirements of raw material thickness tolerance is also not the same, like two tableware thickness tolerance requirements are generally higher, for -3~5%, and a tableware thickness tolerance requirements are generally -5%, dealers on the thickness tolerance requirements are generally between -4%~6%. At the same time, different products for domestic and overseas sales will also lead to different requirements for raw material thickness tolerance. General export product customer thickness tolerance requirements are higher.
4. Weldability:
Product USES of different requirements for welding performance are also different. A kind of tableware does not do the requirement to the welding performance generally, include partial boiler class enterprise even. But the vast majority of products need raw materials for good welding properties, like second-class tableware. General welding requirements to be flat, to be positive. The welding part should not be scorched.
5. Corrosion resistance:
The vast majority of stainless steel products for corrosion resistant performance is good, like a, 2 kinds of tableware, the corrosion resistance of some foreign to the product and do test: in NACL aqueous solution heated to boiling, after a period of time the best solution, wash and drying, weight loss, to determine the degree of corrosion (note: the product polishing, because of the sand cloth or sandpaper containing Fe, will cause the test surface rust spots)
6. Polishing performance (BQ) :
At present stainless steel products in production are generally polished this process, only a few products do not need polishing. So this requires the raw material polishing performance is very good. The main factors influencing the polishing performance are as follows:
(1) raw material surface defects. Such as scratch, pitting, acid pickling, etc.
(2)Material material problem. Hardness is too low, polishing is not easy to shine (BQ is not good), and hardness is too low, in the deep stretch of the surface easy to appear orange peel phenomenon, thus affecting BQ. High hardness of BQ is relatively good.
(3)After deep stretching, small black spots and RIDGING will appear on the surface of the area with large deformation, thus affecting the BQ property
Types and inspection points of stainless steel kitchenware
Stainless steel kitchen utensils: including three parts: handle, body and neck; Handle: stainless steel kitchenware holding part by hand; Main body: Stainless steel kitchenware is collectively referred to as the main body except for the handle part; Neck: The connecting part (welding point) between the handle of stainless steel and the head is called the neck.
Product classification: Stainless steel kitchen utensils are divided into spoons, shovels, clips, and screens according to their functions. 1. Spoons: Mainly divided into: colander, soup spoon, lifting spoon, rice spoon, tongue spoon, noodle spoon, measuring spoon and so on. 2. Shovel category: Mainly divided into: flat shovel, pan shovel, leak shovel, cake shovel, tamping shovel and so on. 3. Clip (sub) holding categories: mainly divided into: grasping clips, sawtooth clips, disk picking and so on. 4. Mesh sieve category: Mainly divided into: oil separator, rice basket, rice washing sieve, etc. (Note: “oil separator” is also called “sand fence”). 5. Metal materials: The stainless steel materials of kitchen utensils should meet the food hygiene requirements. 6. The structure of kitchen utensils should be able to be thoroughly cleaned to avoid secondary contamination of food. 7. Appearance requirements: The product should be basically straight and symmetrical, unless the design requires non-straightness or asymmetry. 8. A batch of products should not have significant changes in form and size. 9. The trademark of the appearance of the product should be correct, the position should be consistent, the handwriting should be clear, and it should meet the product labeling requirements. 10. The surface of the product is smooth, and there are no burrs on the edges. 11. The neck should be smooth and clean, without surfacing, virtual welding, air holes, cracks. The surface of the main body of the product is allowed to have defects less than 0.5mm in diameter, but it cannot exceed four points within 20 cm2. The surface of the main body of the product is allowed to have one scratch less than 20mm in length, and no more than two scratches less than 10mm. 12. Inspection of stainless steel kitchenware: The appearance, surface roughness, neck surface, flaws, surface scratches, corrosion resistance, permanent deformation, tensile strength, torque resistance, drop resistance, air tightness, plastic handle of stainless steel kitchenware need to be checked Resistance to thermal deformation, high temperature softening of plastic handles, resistance to environmental stress cracks, neck fatigue strength, hygienic requirements.
Inspection method of stainless steel kitchenware
Appearance inspection: The appearance inspection of products shall be inspected by hand and visual inspection under normal light. The surface roughness inspection of stainless steel body shall be in accordance with GB / T10610 (the surface roughness shall be inspected by comparison inspection). Corrosion resistance test 2. Fastness test 3. Permanent deformation test: place the test piece on a horizontal plane with the highest point of the neck of the handle facing upwards, apply a force of 7N per centimeter or 150N excluding the length, and the time of the force is 10S. Permanent deformation allowed at the point of force can be measured with a dial indicator. 4. Tensile and torsion test: Immerse the kitchenware in water at 100 Celsius + 5 Celsius for 10min, and then immediately propose that the tensile and torque tests should be performed on the same test piece in sequence. 5. Drop test The kitchenware was vertically downward with the handle, dropped from a height of 1m to the concrete floor, and was continuously dropped 5 times, and then the kitchenware was dropped 5 times in the horizontal direction. 6. Thermal deformation test of plastic handle The plastic handle kitchenware was immersed in water at a temperature of 80 Celsius for 30 minutes. 7. High temperature resistance softening test of plastic handle The main body of the product is placed in water in a pot maintained at 100 Celsius ± 4 Celsius, and any part of a plastic handle made of the same material is placed on a pot side heater. The heater is kept at a constant temperature of 110 Celsius ± 2 Celsius for 6 minutes. 8. Environmental stress crack resistance test of plastic handle A. Dip the plastic handle of the kitchenware evenly into the mixed solution of toluene and n-propanol (1: 3 volume ratio), and keep it at 22 Celsius ± 4Celsius for 24h. B. Should withstand the following 30 cycles. Store the plastic handle in water at 70 Celsius ± 1 Celsius for 15 minutes, then immediately transfer it to the freezer of the refrigerator and keep it at -18 Celsius ± 1Celsius for 3 h. Then immediately return the handle to hot water. Go to restart the next cycle. After the last cycle test, the sample should be calibrated to an indoor temperature of at least 15 Celsius. The tested sample is checked under a microscope or a 4x magnifier. 9. Neck fatigue strength test Follow the test steps below, after 150 repetitions A. Fix the product handle on the fixed fixture, the main body is fixed on the movable fixture, the fixed fixture with the nearest contact point between the movable fixture and the main body, the clamping block spacing is 90mm ± 1mm Clamping additional stress); B. With the main body of the product centered on the neck, at a movement rate of 17 times / min, move downward at a uniform speed of 30mm ± 1mm and then reset at a constant speed (30mm downward movement is the first movement, and uniform speed is reset to the second movement. ).
The fundamental reason for the sustained and rapid growth of China’s economy over the past 30 years of reform and opening up lies in the establishment of a manufacturing strategy that suits the national conditions, that is, to take advantage of China’s labor force and market advantages, participate in the international division of labor, integrate into the value chain, and become World Factory. From the historical experience, the rise and decline of a country’s economic strength has a lot to do with the degree of industrialization. The transfer of economic power in a large country is based on the change in the status of the manufacturing industry. Therefore, the improvement of China’s overall national strength and economic competitiveness depends on the industrialization process and the rise of the manufacturing industry, thereby establishing the world’s most complete industrial category, the largest scale, and the strongest supporting capabilities of the manufacturing system.
However, after more than three decades of development, China’s manufacturing industry has faced multiple challenges in recent years. On the one hand, marked by Germany’s proposal of Industry 4.0, the world has entered a period of rapid development of a new round of industrial revolution and industrial competition. Advanced manufacturing countries such as Europe, the United States, and Japan have put forward their own strategies for the development of emerging industries in order to grab the commanding heights of high-end manufacturing in the digital age. On the other hand, the labor cost advantage that China’s manufacturing industry relies on is gradually being lost as the demographic structure changes. The wages of ordinary workers continue to rise rapidly, and the phenomenon of difficulty in recruiting and expensive labor in the southeast coastal areas has led to the start of new industrial transfers in China’s labor-intensive manufacturing industries, which have flowed to Southeast Asian countries.
As a wrestling field for large countries to participate in global technology and industry competition, the use of advanced manufacturing technologies to promote labor saving, efficiency and cost reduction has become the due meaning of manufacturing transformation and upgrading and sustainable development. China cannot miss this economic structure. Opportunity for adjustment.
At the same time, emerging middle-class consumers are increasingly demanding in terms of quality, functionality, and design of manufactured products. Not only must it meet basic use values, but it must also have certain aesthetic, trend, and even artistic values. This is a personalized consumer experience and psychological satisfaction. Changes on the demand side force the supply side to develop in the direction of high-quality, personalized, customized, and rapid iterative products.
Therefore, in 2015, the State Council issued the “Made in China 2025” strategy to promote China’s transition from a large manufacturing country to a strong manufacturing country. The report of the 19th National Congress of the CPC emphasized that on the one hand, it is necessary to accelerate the development of advanced manufacturing and promote the deep integration of the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and the real economy; on the other hand, it is necessary to support the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries and promote China’s industry to move into the global value chain. High-end, cultivate a number of world-class advanced manufacturing clusters.
In the implementation of this series of new development concepts and strategies, the transformation path of China’s manufacturing industry has gradually become clear, that is, to promote the transformation of production methods by promoting “machine replacement” and the construction of industrial automation and information technology with the Industrial Internet as the main content. Achieve smart manufacturing.
1 Machine substitution As early as 1970-1980, the United States, Japan and other countries proposed the concept of industrial automation, mainly to solve the problem of adverse effects on people and the production environment in industrial manufacturing, such as waste of resources, production instability and variability, etc. .
Due to the low labor cost in China in the past, the economic benefits of large-scale automation are not obvious, so there is no need to vigorously promote it. However, under the impact of “labor shortage”, “machine replacement” becomes inevitable, is the core of industrial transformation, and is the basis for the development of the Industrial Internet.
The Industrial Internet refers to the industrial and application ecology formed by the full-scale and deep integration of the Internet and the new generation of information technology and industrial systems. It is a key comprehensive information infrastructure for the intelligent development of industry.
Its essence is based on the network interconnection between machines, raw materials, control systems, information systems, products and people. Through the comprehensive depth perception of industrial data, real-time transmission and exchange, rapid calculation processing and advanced modeling and analysis, it can realize the transformation from a single machine. Intelligent decision-making and dynamic optimization to production lines, workshops, and even entire plants.
It can be seen that the development of the Industrial Internet is based on the automation and informatization of the manufacturing process, and it is moving towards data and intelligence.
Taking Guangdong Province as an example, since 2014, governments at all levels have successively introduced policies to promote technological transformation of enterprises and implement “machine substitution” and “equipment substitution”. For example, the Dongguan Municipal Government successively launched the “About Accelerating the Promotion of Industry” in August 2014. “Implementation Opinions on the Development of Robot Intelligent Equipment Industry”, “Dongguan City’s Action Plan for Promoting Enterprise” Machine Substitution “(2014-2016), and” Mechanical Substitution “Measures for Fund Management.
The Foshan Municipal Government formulated the Implementation Plan of Foshan Supporting Enterprises to Promote the Application of Robots and Intelligent Equipment (2015-2017) in May 2015; the Guangdong Provincial Government formulated the Guangdong Intelligent Manufacturing Development Plan (2015-2025) in July 2015 ) “.
From the perspective of the promotion effect of the policy, in 2017, Guangdong Province had 156 key robot manufacturing enterprises, and the province’s industrial robot output was 20,662 units, a year-on-year increase of 50.2%, accounting for 16% of the country’s output, and the holding amount was about 80,000 units.
Specifically, in Dongguan, from September 2014 to January 2017, enterprises applied for a total of 2698 “machine substitution” special fund projects, with a total financial investment of approximately 38.6 billion yuan, 76315 new equipment and instruments, and the number of projects and investment. Both rank first in Guangdong Province.
In Foshan, from 2015 to 2017, the municipal government financed a total of 160 million yuan, supporting 368 projects, and driving more than 400 enterprises above designated size to carry out “machine substitution” and more than 7,000 robots.
On this basis, starting in 2017, Guangdong took the lead in the nationwide deployment and advance development of the Industrial Internet as a new engine point for the transformation and upgrading of the real economy and manufacturing industry, and to achieve high-quality development by promoting the digital transformation of enterprises.
In March 2018, the “Implementation Plan for Deepening the” Internet + Advanced Manufacturing “Development of Industrial Internet in Guangdong Province” and “Several Supporting Policies for Guangdong Province to Support Enterprises on the” Cloud on the Platform “to Accelerate the Development of Industrial Internet (2018-2020)” were issued, It is expected that through policy guidance, Guangdong will promote 10,000 industrial enterprises to implement digital and network-based intelligent upgrades on the platform, driving 200,000 enterprises to “on the cloud and on the platform” and reducing the cost of information construction.
The purpose of “Upper Cloud Platform” is to realize the interconnection and interoperability of production and manufacturing links such as R & D design, production control, equipment control, process improvement, energy consumption optimization, and supply chain coordination, as well as data connection on the equipment side and management side.
These data will automatically determine the decision of each link of the production system, and realize the integration of upstream and downstream production. The ultimate goal is to analyze the data to forecast demand, forecast manufacturing, and use the data to integrate the industrial chain and value chain to create new knowledge and value.
2 Directions As manufacturing processes and business activities become more complex, relying on human experience and analysis, it is no longer possible to meet such complex management and collaborative optimization needs, so big data is bound to rise in the industrial field.
Big data is an important feature of the Industrial Internet, because in the process of “machine replacement”, the controller of the automation equipment will generate a large amount of data. With the development of sensor technology and communication technology, the cost of collecting real-time data is no longer No matter how expensive it is.
The rise of embedded systems, low-energy-consumption semiconductors, processors, and cloud computing has greatly increased the computing power of the device and has the ability to process large data in real time.
The Industrial Internet realizes the status of production sites, collaborative enterprise information, and market user needs through the collection and exchange of massive data, the integration and processing of heterogeneous data, edge computing of machine data, solidified iteration of empirical models, and cloud-based big data calculation and analysis. Accurate calculation and complex analysis, thus forming management decisions for enterprise operations and control instructions for machine operation, driving the intelligence and optimization of machinery and equipment, operation management, and business activities.
Realizing the interconnection of industrial robots and other automation equipment, and collecting and analyzing production data are generally recognized directions for the development of the Industrial Internet in China. However, how to use industrial big data and the mining of business value need to be further tested by the market.
Therefore, at this stage, the construction of the industrial Internet infrastructure should be strengthened, especially to enable small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises to gradually increase their level of automation and informationization, improve production efficiency, and find new business models for data utilization.
Although the Industrial Internet is still a new thing, the author found in the survey that some enterprises in Guangdong have begun to actively use the Industrial Internet for digital transformation. In addition to the application of industrial robots and other automation equipment, more and more enterprises have begun to introduce enterprises. Resource Planning (ERP) and Manufacturing Execution System (MES).
ERP is an enterprise information management system that integrates material resources, capital resources and information resources for the manufacturing industry. Its main functions include supply chain management, sales and marketing, distribution, customer service, financial management, manufacturing management, and inventory. Management, plant and equipment maintenance, human resources, reporting, manufacturing execution systems, workflow services, and enterprise information systems.
MES is to optimize the management of the entire production process by ordering the product to the completion of the product through information transmission. MES needs to collect a large amount of real-time data in the production process and make timely processing of real-time events, while maintaining two-way communication capabilities with the planning and control layers, receiving corresponding data from the upper and lower layers, and feeding back processing results and production instructions.
This production mode considers the planning and scheduling of the manufacturing system, tracking, monitoring and control, material flow, quality management, equipment control, and computer integrated manufacturing interface as a whole, so as to ultimately implement the automation of the manufacturing process.
MES has great potential and development space in solving the pain points of Chinese manufacturing enterprises. The current pain points facing manufacturing companies mainly include the lack of timely control of production progress, passive maintenance of equipment maintenance, inadequate staff skills, slow action during abnormal production, slow response to order tailing, production schedules failing to reach the production line, and the delivery cycle is too long. Long, resulting in orders not being delivered on time.
Due to uneven staff skills, long product switchover times, intelligent departments are too slow to respond to field problems, and abnormal data cannot be reported in time, resulting in low production efficiency.
Due to the formalities of the first article inspection, uncontrolled key positions, rework of defective products, and failure to strictly implement the rework process, customer complaints could not be traced back to specific positions and no materials, data analysis was not systematic, improvement effects could not be verified, and quality problems were frequent hair.
Due to the random loss of materials, it is impossible to adjust the staffing in time according to the production process, the number of work in process is large, and it cannot be quickly resolved. The manual statistical production report has a large workload and poor timeliness, resulting in excessive manufacturing costs.
For example, in Shunde, Guangdong, the home appliance manufacturing industry has the advantage of a complete industrial chain, but the consumer market places higher requirements on product quality. How to solve the problems of low efficiency of the factory, too many workers on the job site, and too long logistics distance in the factory have become urgent matters.
Practice shows that the application of the MES system will promote internal efficiency, the management of defective products, and the management of various aspects have reached a level. For small and medium-sized enterprises, embracing the Industrial Internet is not unattainable. At present, some platform vendors have launched more “small, refined, light” system rental services that can be accurately resolved for enterprises with only tens of thousands of yuan each year. Pain points of the entire production process.
The author had an in-depth exchange with the product manager of a well-known MES company in Guangdong. This lean intelligent factory systematic solution provider is mainly for small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises on-site management. It provides SAAS based on industrial Internet, microservices, cloud computing, Internet of Things, big data technology architecture with low cost, fast deployment and easy operation and maintenance. Application, to realize the data and transparency of the workshop, improve production efficiency, reduce production costs, reduce material waste, and strengthen quality control.
“Using the JAWA microservices Internet architecture, using the lease model, that is, rent and use, pay annually, so that the overall cost is very low, enterprises can afford to achieve low cost, fast deployment, easy operation and maintenance, which is also the charm of the Industrial Internet Where “.
3 The only way
However, one problem that needs to be pointed out is that although China’s high-tech and strategic emerging industries have developed rapidly in recent years, their industrial scale is not enough, and labor-intensive manufacturing is still the main body of China’s industrial development. Because they are export-oriented, such companies are basically at the low and mid-end of the global value chain, and their profit margins are not high. Therefore, the technological transformation is thin and the risks are high, making it difficult to promote the Industrial Internet.
Coupled with the lack of independent innovation capabilities of China’s key systems, software and hardware core technologies, industrial big data, industrial cloud and other key industrial Internet technologies, platforms and applications are still in their infancy, small scale and weak functions, which has led many companies to develop automation and industrial The Internet has doubts and is still on the sidelines.
Although the Industrial Internet is considered the foundation of the new industrial revolution, implementation requires a practical foundation.
From the evolution process of global manufacturing technology, lean production from semi-automated Taylor-Ford system to Toyota of Japan is an inevitable path. This is exactly the path that Chinese SMEs need to take to gradually increase the proportion of automated production and strengthen lean management.
Some front-line managers of enterprises told the author that the implementation of the Industrial Internet should be based on the accumulation of lean production.
However, judging from the status quo of enterprises in different industries, many of them still lack in carrying out lean production. In this case, even if the Industrial Internet is used, the results will be greatly reduced. Therefore, for these companies, if they want to develop the Industrial Internet, they must also make up the lessons of Industry 2.0 and Industry 3.0.
Looking back at the history of manufacturing transformation in developed countries in the world, it can be found that Japanese companies attach importance to organizational culture and human training. Production experience and knowledge depend on the accumulation, use, and inheritance of people. Therefore, the automation and information construction of enterprises mainly revolves around helping People go to work. But in recent years, this idea has been challenged by the growing problem of aging.
German companies pay attention to the continuous upgrading of equipment and production systems, solidify production knowledge on equipment, and the main strategy to cope with labor shortages is to develop more advanced equipment and highly integrated automatic production lines.
As the world’s high-end manufacturing powerhouse, the United States pays the most attention to the role of data in the way it solves problems. Not only does it attach importance to data accumulation, but more importantly, it also attaches importance to data analysis. Factual management culture.
In addition, immigration has become an important means to solve the problem of labor shortage and knowledge accumulation in the manufacturing industry. The high-end manufacturing industry in the United States is good at subverting and redefining problems, such as using the industrial Internet to subvert the value system of manufacturing, and using digitalization, new materials, and new production methods. (3D printing) to overturn production methods in traditional manufacturing.
If China’s manufacturing industry wants to occupy a favorable position in the new global technology and industrial competition, automation and informatization in the production and management process are the only way.
Although facing multiple challenges, due to the establishment of a relatively complete manufacturing system in China and the continuous consolidation of the network information technology foundation, the integration and development of manufacturing and the Internet have continued to deepen, laying a good foundation for the further development of the Industrial Internet.
The Industrial Internet essentially still depends on the upgrading and transformation of industrial technology of enterprises, and the advancement of information technologies such as 5G mobile communications, the Internet of Things, high-performance computing, and cloud computing can play a good role in assisting improvement.
Finally, another bottleneck in the future development of the Industrial Internet is the lack of talent.
In addition to advanced algorithm tools for industrial big data analysis, it is more important to combine domain knowledge of industrial scenarios and application principles. In other words, the analyst of the data must not only know the intelligent algorithm very well, but also the production system.
At present, enterprises are short of compound talents who understand both industrial production and information technology. The cultivation of such industrial big data analysis talents is difficult to cultivate in a short period of time. This requires special attention. It depends on the country and enterprises. And scientific research institutes and other parties work together to solve the problem.
